The Protracted Crisis in Yemen: US Involvement, Rule of Law, and Policy Implications in 2025

Executive Summary

The humanitarian crisis in Yemen remains one of the most severe globally as of early 2025, marked by widespread famine and disease following years of intense conflict. The involvement of the US administration in Yemen has been complex and often criticized, ranging from support for the Saudi-led coalition to more recent calls for de-escalation. This protracted conflict has led to a significant breakdown of the rule of law within Yemen, exacerbating human rights violations and hindering prospects for lasting peace. An analysis of the Yemen war reveals multifaceted dynamics involving numerous regional and international actors, each with their own agendas. Ensuring government accountability in this war-torn nation is an immense challenge, further complicated by allegations of corruption and mismanagement. The potential for political scandals related to US involvement looms, particularly in light of recent security breaches. Many observers assess the situation as a significant Middle East policy failure, given the lack of a resolution and the immense human suffering. The human rights situation remains dire, with extensive violations documented by international organizations. US foreign policy in Yemen attempts to balance competing objectives, including counterterrorism and regional stability, alongside humanitarian concerns. Allegations of secret government communications influencing policy decisions add another layer of complexity to understanding the US role. This report provides a comprehensive overview of these critical aspects, concluding with policy recommendations aimed at fostering a sustainable and just peace for the Yemeni people.

The Protracted Crisis in Yemen: An Overview in 2025

Early 2025 finds Yemen enduring a humanitarian catastrophe of immense proportions, a consequence of years of relentless conflict that has left the nation fractured and its infrastructure in ruins. The Yemeni people face widespread famine and disease, a stark testament to the devastating impact of the ongoing hostilities. Understanding the intricacies of this crisis necessitates a close examination of the diverse roles played by actors both within the region and on the international stage. The roots of the present conflict are deeply embedded in a complex web of internal and external factors. The seizure of Sana’a in 2014 by the Houthi movement, a Zaidi Shia group, marked a critical turning point, escalating existing tensions into a full-scale war with the intervention of a Saudi-led coalition in 2015 [introductory text]. This intervention, which has received varying degrees of support from Western powers, including the United States at different junctures, was initially aimed at reinstating the internationally recognized government. As of early 2025, the conflict persists, characterized by fluid frontlines and consistently devastating consequences for the civilian population [introductory text]. The protracted nature of this crisis, now extending over a decade since the initial unrest and a full decade since the major escalation in 2015, underscores the deep-seated and intricate issues at play. This extended duration suggests that simplistic solutions or short-term interventions are unlikely to yield effective results. Furthermore, the initial framing of the intervention with the stated objective of restoring the internationally recognized government presents a potential point of contention. The conflict has undergone significant transformations since 2015, and the continued instability in 2025 raises questions about the effectiveness and relevance of this initial aim.

The United States’ Evolving Role in Yemen

The US administration’s involvement in Yemen has been multifaceted, navigating a complex and often criticized path throughout the conflict. Over the years, US actions have ranged from providing logistical and intelligence support to the Saudi-led coalition to more recent pronouncements emphasizing de-escalation and a focus on humanitarian aid [introductory text]. As of early 2025, the administration’s stance likely continues to prioritize a diplomatic resolution to the conflict, while simultaneously addressing growing concerns regarding civilian casualties and the flow of arms into the region [introductory text]. The effectiveness and ethical implications of this approach remain subjects of intense debate both domestically and internationally [introductory text]. In March 2025, a notable shift in US strategy appeared to be underway with a series of airstrikes targeting Houthi leaders and high-value objectives. Analysis from ACLED indicates that these strikes, corroborated by US National Security Advisor Mike Waltz, suggest a move towards a “decapitation strategy” ¹. These recent actions have resulted in a higher number of fatalities compared to previous US and UK joint operations since the Red Sea crisis began, with the Houthi-run Health Ministry reporting 53 deaths in a single strike ¹. Furthermore, the geographical scope of these strikes expanded to areas previously untouched, including Marib ¹. Following these US airstrikes, the Houthis retaliated with attacks in the Red Sea targeting the USS Harry Truman, indicating a likely continuation of tit-for-tat escalations, particularly with the end of the ceasefire in Gaza anticipated ¹. This shift towards a decapitation strategy, while potentially intended to weaken the Houthi leadership, carries substantial risks. The increased likelihood of civilian casualties in urban areas and the potential for further radicalization within the Houthi movement, coupled with the anticipation of stronger retaliatory actions, could further entrench the conflict.

Adding to the complexities surrounding US involvement is a significant political scandal that emerged in March 2025. Classified US war plans for the Yemen strikes were accidentally shared with a journalist via a Signal group chat involving top Trump administration officials, including Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth and Vice President JD Vance ². This security breach has raised serious concerns about the handling of highly sensitive military information ⁴. Reports indicate that the shared information included operational details such as targets, weapons to be deployed, and attack sequencing ³. The incident has sparked outrage, with Democrats calling for a full investigation into potential violations of the Espionage Act and federal record-keeping laws ³. The leaked messages also revealed internal debates within the administration regarding the rationale and timing of the strikes, with concerns raised about the public understanding and potential economic repercussions ³. This security lapse points to a potentially imprudent approach to managing critical military intelligence, raising questions about operational security and the potential compromise of national interests.

In early 2025, US policy on Yemen included the redesignation of the Houthi group, Ansar Allah, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) entity ¹⁴. This policy aimed to counter Houthi capabilities and operations, depriving them of resources following numerous attacks disrupting regional security and global maritime commerce ¹⁴. The executive order initiating this redesignation also mandated a review of some US assistance programs in Yemen, directing the termination of projects with entities found to have made payments to Houthi entities or insufficiently documented Houthi abuses ¹⁴. The US has a history of imposing sanctions on the Houthis, with the Biden administration having reimposed SDGT sanctions in February 2024 due to attacks on international maritime vessels ¹⁴. Since January 2024, the US military has also conducted strikes targeting Houthi weapons and related facilities ¹⁴. While seeking to counter the Houthis, US policy has also considered the potential impact of sanctions and designations on the delivery of humanitarian assistance to Yemen, where a severe humanitarian crisis persists ¹⁴. The stated US policy is to cooperate with regional partners to “eliminate” Houthi capabilities and operations ¹⁴. The FTO designation, while intended to exert pressure on the Houthis, carries the risk of negatively impacting the delivery of essential humanitarian aid, potentially worsening the suffering of the Yemeni population. It could also present challenges to future diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving the conflict.

The Trump administration’s rhetoric and actions in March 2025 were marked by an assertive stance against the Houthi rebels. President Trump issued a strong threat, stating that the Houthis would be “completely annihilated” as US airstrikes continued [¹⁶, ², ⁶, ⁶. He also pressured Iran, the main supporter of the Houthis, urging them to cease their support ⁶. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth echoed this sentiment, emphasizing the need to restore freedom of navigation and asserting that Houthi attacks on American ships and aircraft would not be tolerated ⁶. The administration’s declared objectives for the attacks included restoring deterrence and degrading Houthi capabilities to launch attacks in the Red Sea ¹. This aggressive rhetoric, while potentially aimed at deterring the Houthis and signaling resolve, could inadvertently escalate the conflict and narrow the avenues for diplomatic engagement. Such strong pronouncements might be perceived as a firm commitment to military action, making de-escalation more challenging and potentially provoking the Houthis to intensify their actions in a display of defiance.

The Deepening Rule of Law Crisis and its Ramifications

Years of conflict have severely undermined the rule of law in Yemen [introductory text]. The fragmentation of the country, coupled with the rise of non-state actors and the weakening of central government institutions, has created an environment where justice is often absent or applied inconsistently [introductory text]. This breakdown has profound consequences for human rights, economic stability, and any prospects for long-term peace and reconciliation [introductory text]. International efforts aimed at supporting the restoration of a functioning legal system encounter significant obstacles in the current environment [introductory text]. The justice system in Yemen has fractured along the lines of control held by various authorities, including the internationally recognized Republic of Yemen Government, Ansar Allah (the Houthis), and the Southern Transitional Council ¹⁸. This has resulted in a complex system of parallel legal structures ¹⁸. In both urban and rural areas, tribal customary law practices, which have a long-standing tradition predating the establishment of the state, are now more frequently used to resolve disputes than the formal judiciary ¹⁸. Yemen, therefore, operates under a complex pluralistic justice system, encompassing both formal and informal legal structures alongside a variety of state and non-state actors performing official functions within these structures ¹⁹. The ongoing conflict and subsequent instability have exacerbated pre-existing challenges to the rule of law and the impartial delivery of justice throughout Yemen, while the legal needs of Yemeni citizens, particularly internally displaced persons, are on the rise ⁸. Yemen’s formal judiciary grapples with issues of fragmentation, extensive damage to judicial infrastructure, security threats, demographic shifts, an increasing caseload, and weakened law enforcement authorities ¹⁹. The war has also impacted Yemen’s tribal structures and customary law practices, especially in areas under Houthi control, where opposition from many tribal leaders has been suppressed through public insults, property destruction, and executions. To maintain control over tribes, the Houthis have supported the emergence of new, younger sheikhs loyal to them, and in some instances, Houthi supervisors have been appointed to official positions, diminishing the power and influence of established sheikhs by intervening in arbitration ⁸. Houthi authorities have also imposed restrictions, particularly on women, including regulations separating men and women in schools and public places, requiring specific dress codes, and in some cases, prohibiting them from owning cell phones or working in certain sectors ²¹. The absence of a unified legal framework and the proliferation of parallel systems create a situation where equal access to justice is not guaranteed, and accountability for abuses is severely compromised, potentially fueling further grievances and instability.

International organizations have extensively documented widespread human rights violations committed by all sides in the Yemen conflict ²². These include unlawful or arbitrary killings, enforced disappearances, torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions, and arbitrary arrest and detention ²⁴. Restrictions on freedom of expression, religion, and movement have also been widely reported ²⁴. The denial of humanitarian access by all parties to the conflict continues to exacerbate the crisis ²². Children have been particularly affected, with credible reports of their recruitment and use as soldiers ²². Women and girls face specific challenges, including restrictions on their movement, forced marriage, and increased vulnerability to violence ²². The sheer scale and severity of these human rights violations, perpetrated by all actors involved, underscore the urgent need for robust accountability mechanisms and sustained international pressure to protect civilians and uphold international humanitarian law. The apparent lack of significant progress in Yemen’s human rights record, despite considerable international attention, remains a deeply troubling aspect of the ongoing crisis ²⁸.

Yemen War Analysis: Unpacking the Complex Dynamics

A comprehensive analysis of the Yemen war in 2025 must acknowledge that the conflict is not a simple binary struggle but rather involves a multitude of factions, each pursuing their own distinct agendas [introductory text]. Understanding the motivations and intricate alliances of these diverse actors is crucial for grasping the complexities of the situation and identifying potential pathways towards peace [introductory text]. The causes of the conflict are multifaceted, encompassing internal factors such as the transition of power following the Arab Spring, the persistent influence of tribalism, historical sectarian divides, and the enduring legacy of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh’s long rule ²⁹. Saleh’s coup-proofing strategies during his time in power are argued to have contributed to the failure of the Yemeni transition ²⁹. The conflict has also been significantly shaped by the involvement of external actors, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran, each with their own geopolitical interests and regional ambitions ²⁹. While the conflict is often characterized as a proxy war, this label can be misleading and may obscure the critical internal dynamics and drivers of the unrest ³⁰. The military landscape continues to evolve, exemplified by the Houthi attacks on the UAE, which marked a new front in the conflict, and the ongoing development and deployment of Houthi drones and ballistic missiles ³². The anti-Houthi coalition itself has experienced fragmentation, with competing interests between Saudi Arabia and the UAE sometimes undermining a unified front ³³. The potential for a full-scale resumption of civil war in 2025 remains a significant threat to peace prospects ³⁵.

To better illustrate the intricate web of actors involved in the Yemen conflict and their respective interests, the following table provides a summary:

Actor	Primary Motivations	Main Allies (Internal)	Main Allies (External)
Houthis (Ansar Allah)	Control of Yemen, resistance to perceived foreign interference, religious ideology	Elements of the former Yemeni military loyal to Saleh	Iran
Internationally Recognized Government	Restoration of authority, maintaining international legitimacy	Various tribal and political factions	Saudi Arabia, UAE (historically)
Southern Transitional Council (STC)	Separatism, establishment of an independent South Yemen	Southern Yemeni factions	UAE
Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)	Establishing an Islamic state, opposing the Yemeni government and its allies	Local Sunni extremist groups	None officially
Saudi Arabia	Countering Iranian influence, protecting its southern border, regional dominance	Internationally Recognized Government	US (historically)
UAE	Countering Islamist groups, projecting regional influence, securing maritime routes	Southern Transitional Council	US (historically)
Iran	Projecting regional influence, supporting Shia groups, challenging US interests	Houthis	None officially
US	Counterterrorism (AQAP), regional stability, freedom of navigation, supporting allies	Internationally Recognized Government (to a degree)	Saudi Arabia, UAE

This table highlights the complex and overlapping interests that fuel the protracted conflict in Yemen.

The Imperative of Government Accountability in a Nation at War

Ensuring government accountability in Yemen amidst the ongoing conflict presents an immense and multifaceted challenge [introductory text]. Allegations of corruption, mismanagement of resources, and abuses of power have plagued various parties involved in the conflict [introductory text]. The absence of transparency and independent oversight mechanisms further compounds this issue [introductory text]. Establishing accountability is not merely a matter of addressing past grievances; it is also fundamental for building trust among the Yemeni people and fostering a more stable and just future for the nation [introductory text]. Civil society organizations have consistently called for effective steps to independently and impartially investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by all parties within Yemen ³⁶. The Yemeni National Commission to Investigate Alleged Violations to Human Rights (NCIAVHR), established in 2012, has documented over 23,000 human rights abuses perpetrated by various actors since 2011 and has referred over 2,000 cases to Yemen’s Public Prosecutor for further investigation and prosecution ²⁴. However, no verdict has been issued in any of these referred cases, highlighting the significant challenges posed by the conflict and the resulting instability to the Yemeni judicial system ³⁷. Substantive institutional reforms aimed at ensuring a more independent judiciary with a broader understanding of transitional justice are crucial for regaining public trust in the ability of the judiciary to deliver justice ³⁷. The lack of transparency and good governance within the Yemeni government has emerged as a major structural problem hindering efforts to achieve financial and administrative reforms ³⁸. Reports indicate a failure to issue timely budget documents, disclose financial obligations, or provide details on expenditures, reflecting a lack of oversight and accountability in the management of public funds ³⁸. The existence of off-budget financial accounts managed outside known oversight systems poses a significant threat to the country’s financial stability and allows for potential widespread corruption and mismanagement ³⁸. The diversion of humanitarian aid by various factions involved in the conflict further exacerbates the crisis and undermines accountability efforts ³⁹. This not only deprives vulnerable populations of essential resources but also strengthens the power of corrupt actors, making it even more difficult to establish accountability. The pervasive lack of accountability for human rights violations and corruption perpetuates a cycle of impunity, significantly hindering any genuine prospects for reconciliation and long-term stability in Yemen.

Navigating the Potential for Political Scandals in 2025

Given the prolonged duration and high stakes associated with the US involvement in the Yemen conflict, the possibility of a political scandal emerging in 2025 cannot be entirely dismissed [introductory text]. Such a scandal could potentially involve revelations concerning the nature of US support to various actors, the extent of US knowledge regarding human rights abuses committed by its allies, or the overall effectiveness and ethical implications of the chosen strategies [introductory text]. Any such revelations could have significant repercussions for the US administration’s foreign policy and its standing on the international stage [introductory text]. The March 2025 incident involving the accidental sharing of classified US war plans for Yemen strikes via a Signal group chat serves as a prime example of a political scandal with potential legal and national security ramifications ². The involvement of high-ranking Trump administration officials in this security breach has drawn widespread criticism and calls for thorough investigations ¹². The incident has prompted concerns about potential violations of the Espionage Act and federal record-keeping laws, further amplifying the scandal’s significance ⁴. The domestic and international reactions to this breach have been considerable, with questions raised about the US administration’s competence in handling sensitive information and its commitment to operational security ¹³. Such incidents can potentially damage US credibility among allies and embolden adversaries who might perceive vulnerabilities in US security protocols. The accidental disclosure of classified military information not only raises legal questions but also has the potential to erode confidence in the US as a reliable partner and a capable actor in international affairs. This can undermine trust among allies who rely on the secure handling of intelligence and joint operational planning. Furthermore, adversaries might seek to exploit such demonstrated vulnerabilities, potentially increasing risks to US national security interests.

Yemen: A Critical Examination of a Middle East Policy Failure

The protracted nature of the Yemen conflict and its devastating humanitarian consequences have led many to question whether the international approach, particularly that of the United States, constitutes a significant Middle East policy failure [introductory text]. Critics argue that the initial and sustained support provided to the Saudi-led intervention prolonged the war and exacerbated the immense suffering of the Yemeni people [introductory text]. A critical examination of this perspective in 2025 necessitates an analysis of the initial objectives of the intervention, the unintended and far-reaching consequences that have unfolded, and a consideration of whether alternative strategies, if pursued, could have potentially yielded more positive outcomes [introductory text]. Several analyses suggest that the US policy in Yemen has been largely reactive, often driven by short-term security interests such as counterterrorism efforts against Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and a desire to align with and support key regional allies like Saudi Arabia, rather than being guided by a comprehensive long-term strategy aimed at achieving a sustainable political resolution and alleviating the dire humanitarian crisis ⁴⁴. Some argue that the unqualified US support for the Saudi-led military campaign, including backing a UN Security Council resolution that called for a full Houthi surrender, complicated UN-led negotiation efforts for years ⁴⁶. There were missed opportunities between 2011 and 2015 where different US actions, such as imposing stronger constraints on former President Saleh or discouraging then-President Hadi’s confrontational federal plan, might have prevented or mitigated the war ⁴⁵. It has also been argued that US efforts, including military engagement and sanctions, have inadvertently emboldened the Houthis and further exacerbated the already catastrophic humanitarian situation ³⁴. The US adopted a largely reactive and defensive posture in response to Houthi escalations, which some analysts contend failed to deter the group or significantly degrade their military capabilities ⁴⁷. The US policy on Yemen has also been described as lacking a real long-term vision and being continuously influenced by domestic electoral considerations, potentially undermining the consistency and effectiveness of its engagement ³⁴. The close alignment of US policy with Saudi Arabian interests has also drawn considerable criticism, with some arguing that it has prioritized the kingdom’s objectives over the well-being of the Yemeni people and the pursuit of a genuine political settlement ⁵².

The Devastating Human Rights Situation: A Call for Action

The human rights situation in Yemen remains dire in early 2025, with extensive violations documented by numerous international organizations [introductory text]. These violations, committed by all parties to the conflict, include airstrikes that have targeted civilians, the continued recruitment and use of child soldiers, widespread arbitrary detentions, and severe restrictions on humanitarian access ²². The protection of civilians remains a paramount concern as the conflict persists [introductory text]. International pressure continues to mount on all parties to adhere strictly to international humanitarian law and to ensure accountability for the egregious abuses that have been committed [introductory text]. Reports from Human Rights Watch detail the ongoing arbitrary arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances by Houthi forces, the Yemeni government, and UAE-backed forces ²⁷. Restrictions on humanitarian access, particularly by the Houthis, continue to exacerbate the already critical humanitarian situation ¹⁶. Women and girls face increasing violations of their rights, including restrictions on their freedom of movement and systematic discrimination ²⁷. Landmines and explosive remnants of war continue to cause significant civilian casualties, particularly among children ²². Amnesty International has also documented unlawful attacks and killings, as well as the harassment, arbitrary detention, and forcible disappearance of journalists and activists by all parties [²⁵, S_S119, ¹⁶. The UN has highlighted the severe impact of the conflict on children, with thousands killed or maimed and millions in need of humanitarian assistance ²². The consistent and widespread nature of these severe human rights violations underscores a profound disregard for international law and the immense suffering endured by the civilian population in Yemen. The urgent need for effective measures to protect civilians and ensure accountability for these abuses cannot be overstated.

Examining the Nuances of US Foreign Policy in Yemen

US foreign policy towards Yemen in 2025 likely continues to navigate a complex terrain, attempting to balance several often competing objectives: the imperative of counterterrorism, the pursuit of regional stability, and the urgent need to address humanitarian concerns [introductory text]. Historically, the US has been significantly concerned about the presence and activities of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) within Yemen [introductory text]. Simultaneously, the US seeks to maintain its long-standing relationships with key regional allies, particularly Saudi Arabia and the UAE, while also responding to the catastrophic humanitarian crisis that has engulfed Yemen [introductory text]. Navigating these diverse and sometimes contradictory interests necessitates a delicate and often criticized balancing act [introductory text]. The evolution of US-Yemen relations reveals shifting priorities over time ²⁰. Initially focused on supporting the unification of Yemen and later on counterterrorism efforts, particularly after the USS Cole bombing, US policy shifted significantly with the outbreak of the civil war in 2015 to include support for the Saudi-led coalition ²⁰. More recently, there has been a stated emphasis on de-escalation and humanitarian aid, although the March 2025 airstrikes indicate a continued willingness to use military force against the Houthis ¹⁴. Some analysts argue that US policy has often been subsumed under its broader approach to Saudi Arabia, potentially prioritizing the interests of its key ally over other critical considerations in Yemen ⁵². The US designation of the Houthis as an FTO in 2025 reflects a focus on countering the group’s aggression and its threat to regional stability and maritime security ¹⁴. However, this decision has also raised concerns about its potential impact on humanitarian aid delivery and the prospects for a negotiated political settlement ¹⁴. The challenge for US foreign policy lies in formulating a coherent and consistent strategy that effectively addresses the multifaceted nature of the Yemen crisis, balancing security concerns with humanitarian imperatives and the pursuit of a lasting peace.

The Shadow of Secret Government Communications (Crisis in Yemen)

While concrete evidence is often elusive, the possibility of secret government communications significantly influencing US policy decisions concerning Yemen cannot be entirely discounted [introductory text]. Such undisclosed discussions, if they exist and were to be revealed, could potentially illuminate the internal deliberations, strategic considerations, and possible discrepancies between public statements and private actions related to the conflict [introductory text]. Any credible reporting on this sensitive topic would undoubtedly generate substantial public and political interest [introductory text]. The March 2025 leak of a Signal group chat involving top Trump administration officials discussing and coordinating the US airstrikes on Yemen provides a tangible, albeit accidental, example of secret government communications influencing policy ². The content of the leaked messages revealed not only the operational planning of the military action but also internal debates among senior officials regarding the timing, rationale, and potential consequences of the strikes, including concerns about European allies and the economic impact ². This incident underscores how informal communication channels can be utilized for high-level policy discussions and decision-making, even concerning sensitive military operations. The accidental inclusion of a journalist in this chat offered a rare glimpse into the internal deliberations and strategic thinking within the US administration regarding its Yemen policy, highlighting the potential for undisclosed communications to shape and influence the course of action. The revelations from this leak emphasize the importance of transparency and accountability in foreign policy decision-making processes.

Conclusion: Towards a Sustainable and Just Peace in Yemen

The Yemen conflict in early 2025 remains a deeply entrenched and profoundly tragic situation. Comprehending the complex interplay between the US administration’s role, the breakdown of the rule of law, the intricate dynamics of the war, the urgent need for government accountability, the potential for political scandals, the assessment of the conflict as a policy failure, the ongoing human rights violations, the nuances of US foreign policy, and the influence of undisclosed communications is crucial for understanding the multifaceted challenges and for seeking viable pathways towards a lasting and just peace for the Yemeni people. The international community bears a continued responsibility to address the catastrophic humanitarian situation, promote accountability for abuses, and actively support genuine efforts aimed at achieving a negotiated political settlement.

To move towards a sustainable and just peace, the US administration should consider a shift from a predominantly military-focused approach to a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes diplomatic solutions and directly addresses the underlying causes of the conflict ⁵¹. The FTO designation of the Houthis should be re-evaluated due to its potential to impede humanitarian aid and complicate diplomatic engagement ¹⁴. Increased pressure must be exerted on all parties involved in the conflict to strictly adhere to international humanitarian law, and robust mechanisms for accountability regarding human rights violations should be actively supported ²⁷. Enhancing transparency and oversight of all aspects of US involvement in Yemen, including military support and intelligence sharing, is essential for maintaining public trust and ensuring ethical conduct ⁵. A significant increase in humanitarian aid, coupled with sustained support for long-term development initiatives that target the economic and social drivers of the conflict, is crucial for alleviating suffering and building resilience ⁵⁶. The US should also actively support UN-led peace efforts and promote inclusive dialogue that ensures the meaningful participation of all relevant Yemeni stakeholders, including women, youth, and civil society groups ⁶².

The international community as a whole must also play a more concerted role. Increased funding for humanitarian aid and long-term development programs in Yemen is urgently needed to address the immense scale of human suffering ⁵⁶. Supporting the establishment of independent and impartial accountability mechanisms for human rights abuses committed by all parties is vital for fostering justice and reconciliation ²⁸. Finally, a unified international stance on the Yemen conflict is necessary to exert maximum pressure on all parties to engage in meaningful negotiations aimed at achieving a lasting and inclusive peace settlement that addresses the needs and aspirations of all Yemenis. A concerted and sustained effort from both the US and the broader international community is urgently required to navigate the complexities of the Yemen crisis and to forge a path towards a future characterized by peace, justice, and stability for the Yemeni people. readmore….

FAQ’s